=== root is now known as hdhyrtg65 [00:05] hi [00:39] how the hell is ubuntu selecting a kernel to boot into? I have built a new kerne lfrom sources but ubuntu still selects some other one [00:40] the bootloader boots the kernel [00:41] but why doesn't it take the one I just built [00:41] did you tell it to use it? [00:41] I mean it works like that most of the time, but now with the latest built it didn't [00:41] huh? [00:41] yes all of the sudden it started booting the old one === ingrim1 is now known as ingrim [00:50] different question, how many previous kernels are stored in the memory so user can get back to them? [00:51] when I do "dpkg -l | grep linux-image" I can see about 10 kernels, despite the fact I installed ~200 different ones this year. So why only 10 different ones are stored? [01:01] mra90: by default, only the package of the running kernel and that of the two lower versions are kept. i think custom kernel builds which are not (deb) packaged are not affected by this. this is because keepigng more would have /boot run full quickly / requirng a much larger /boot. but most people don't need/ want more than two (deb packaged) kernel images installed at the same time. [01:02] if you want to boot a specific kernel, you just bring up the grub menu and choose it there. or you configure grub so that it defaults to that one (not not the highest version which it defaults to otherwise) [01:03] what you see listed on dpkg -l | grep linux-image are not necessarily installed packages, they can have different states, you need to check what their state is. === jay is now known as Guest4330 [01:51] tomreyn, thanks! [01:51] you're welcome [01:56] tomreyn, different subject, do you know if I can disable pulseaudio and pass audio directly to ALSA? [01:58] i do not know how, but i won't be surprised if you can. [01:58] there's also pipewire in the mix on modern ubuntu though [01:58] ok, I think I need to start playing a bit with it [02:01] where are the header files for the development version of a package usually stored? [02:03] in a ...-dev package [02:04] and then where dpkg -L ...-dev says [02:35] tomreyn, I also noticed that by ubuntu reports some system error from time to time but there are no details at all - only report error or close [02:35] how can I get more details? [02:35] dmesg doesn't say anything [02:40] mra90: when / where do you see those errors? [02:42] tomreyn, just a pop up message saying some error detected [02:43] hmm if that's all the details you have then it'll be difficult to debug it indeed [02:43] I was hoping dmesg will give more insight, anyway there is one more system log file right? I forgot the name of it [02:45] you can inspect system logs using the journalctl command === JanC is now known as Guest4332 === JanC_ is now known as JanC [02:46] right, that is it [02:47] mra90: ' journalctl -p 3 -xb ' filters for errors. [02:49] Bashing-om, thanks, indeed I see some errors === XRODRiGO is now known as XRODRiGOOoO === XRODRiGOOoO is now known as XRODRIGO === XRODRIGO is now known as XRODRIGO- [04:38] testing [06:23] I need help getting lxc networking to work. I used default everything for lxc yet I get "temporary failure in domain name resolution" when trying to ping any servers [06:26] golden_ticket: can you "ping 8.8.8.8" or "host google.com 8.8.8.8" ? [06:26] akik: I'll try now [06:26] "Network is unreachable" [06:26] akik: [06:27] golden_ticket: how about "ip route show 0/0" ? [06:27] No output [06:28] golden_ticket: ok that should show you the ip of the default gateway [06:28] Ah. I think that the gateway config is messed up for the lxc container [06:28] But I didn't go off the default config [06:28] So, idk [06:29] golden_ticket: so you're using lxd ? [06:29] yes [06:29] golden_ticket: did you run "lxd init" ? [06:29] Yes. I can rerun it, but it's all just default configs [06:29] golden_ticket: it will create a new network interface (bridge) to your system, lxdbr0 [06:30] Yes [06:30] I have lxdbr0 [06:30] golden_ticket: the containers will use that [06:30] Yes, but the networking isn't working [06:31] golden_ticket: did you use lxd launch to create the container? [06:31] let me check, hold on [06:32] Ah [06:32] This may be the issue [06:32] I knew I did something wonky for the creation of the container that wasn't quite right [06:32] akik: I'll create a new container and see if networking works [06:32] hehe [06:33] classic pebkac [06:34] Still the same error :/ [06:34] golden_ticket: lxc list ? [06:34] should show you the ip [06:35] It has none [06:35] Weird [06:35] | ubuntu-lunar | RUNNING | 10.248.189.141 (eth0) | | CONTAINER | 0 | [06:36] I know what it *should* look like, it just doesn't look like that [06:36] The IPV4 field is blank [06:36] IPV6 is fine though [06:36] do you have an ip on lxdbr0 ? [06:37] yes [06:37] like this: inet 10.1.36.1/24 scope global lxdbr0 [06:37] I'll paste the output. hold on [06:37] can you ping that? [06:37] https://dpaste.com/9WN5YRSTF [06:37] probably not if your container doesn't have working network [06:37] what's lxcbr0 ? [06:37] I can ping it, actually [06:38] Idk. I deleted it earlier and it's now back [06:38] maybe it's conflicting [06:38] Maybe a result of running lxc init rather than lxd init. If I had to guess [06:40] akik: https://gist.github.com/cronnelly/98345100afe21840267270da3283b371 [06:41] golden_ticket: ok i haven't used lxcbr0. did you upgrade your system so that you used lxcbr0 before? [06:41] No. This is a fresh install of ubuntu [06:41] well that's extra weird then [06:41] Yeah [06:42] i just insatlled the lxd snap and then lxd init [06:42] then lxd launch [06:42] akik: what if I purge lxd? [06:42] Then reinstall using snap? [06:42] your system [06:42] yes [06:43] remove lxcbr0 too [06:43] So we agree that I should purge lxd and remove all lx*br0? [06:45] akik: ? [06:46] golden_ticket: yes [06:52] akik: Okay. What was the exact command you told me to use for starting a new lxc container? [06:52] Just so I do what you say exactly [06:53] just a sec [06:53] lxc image list images: | grep lunar [06:54] lxc launch images:ubuntu/lunar/cloud ubuntu-lunar [06:54] thanks [06:54] how did you do it yourself? [06:55] https://linuxcontainers.org/lxc/getting-started/ [06:55] Although the very very first time I ever did it - I did it like you just did [06:55] This time (on this computer) I messed up [06:55] I think it's still not working [06:55] wtffff [06:55] right, but that's not for ubuntu with lxd [06:55] Oh really? [06:56] ubuntu with lxd uses the command that is just called lxc [06:56] not lxc-info lxc-ls lxc-create [06:56] fedora has that other version [06:57] it's confusing [06:58] sudo lxc launch ubuntu:23.04 test [06:58] Is this sufficient? [06:58] I just tried it and networking didn't work...so I guess not? [06:58] did i paste that command? no [06:58] Right right [06:58] Okay hold on [07:00] I ran that exact command, except I named the container test. No networking though [07:00] ok dunno what's wrong then [07:00] Well thanks for trying anyway [07:00] I really appreciate you taking the time [07:03] akik: I think I found a clue. When running lxc config show test I get no devices listed under devices [07:03] I'm going to look into this [07:03] It should have interface listed [07:18] akik: Hah! I figured it out [07:18] ufw was blocking the networking of the container [07:18] ok nice [07:18] that's so weird [07:18] Yeah thanks [07:19] i just ran it in wsl 2 in windows where i didn't setup any iptables [07:19] akik: I haven't either but then I recalled I specifically activated ufw earlier today [07:20] So I guess I did actually [07:20] lol [07:20] I didn't even think about it messing with iptables [07:21] golden_ticket: what do you plan to run in lxc? [07:23] akik: I'm just using it for development. I'm making a program which requires some p2p networking and it's becoming too awkward to do a port/id agreement protocol on localhost [07:27] after creating a new user, i ready to create a password, then type" passwd" , then prompting" passwd: Authentication token manipulation error", [07:28] akik: I'm making a terminal based game that's a combination of corewars and piet [07:38] does anyone know an app that can display cpu freq (for all cores and threads) in the ubuntu taskbar or even the notification bar at very top? it can be in just numbers or graphs [07:38] dont really want an overlay on my desktop UI [07:40] might have found something "indicator-multiload" [07:46] en1gma: indicator multiload is only for load ram and disk, not really for cpu freq [07:48] yea im checking it out now. i do like how i can click it and it opens up ubuntu system monitor and i can see the cpu freq graphs there but i can already do that [07:48] lotuspsychje any suggestions? [07:49] en1gma: try apt-cache search indicator or cpu [07:49] ok checking now [07:49] thanks [07:49] en1gma: think alternate there are gnome extensions for that too [07:50] oh wow. that might be worth checking into [10:49] hoi === seanh1 is now known as seanh === zer0bitz_ is now known as zer0bitz [12:55] <[twisti]> i have set up my ufw before rules like so: [12:55] <[twisti]> https://www.irccloud.com/pastebin/Jmu42Zok/ [12:55] <[twisti]> requests to 10080/10443 work, but requests tö 80/443 just hang and time out [12:55] <[twisti]> wait, no, they dont hang, they give `curl: (7) Failed to connect to 127.0.0.1 port 80 after 0 ms: Connection refused` [12:56] <[twisti]> ideas ? [13:25] hi all [13:25] https://drive.google.com/file/d/1E9-t0mvCQ27xoEkGdjpVrq73X8r_zoYy/view?usp=sharing [13:25] ubuntu doesn't recognize anymore external hd [13:32] Guest0: try "sudo mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt" [13:32] in a terminal [13:34] EriC^ https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_3WVuU93UHOn-vxH-7ZMxWezxdyDDcRG/view?usp=sharing [13:37] Guest0: can you use another pastebin [13:37] ? [13:38] EriC^, $MFTMirr does not match $MFT and NTFS is either inconsistent, ... [13:38] so fsck that partition, i guess [13:38] thanks oerheks [13:39] sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdb2 ? [13:40] will i lost my data' [13:40] ? [13:40] Guest0: you might [13:40] noooooooooooo [13:40] Guest0: is this a windows operating system on it? [13:40] i don't wanna lost my data [13:40] no [13:40] it could just be that it's hibernated [13:40] oh [13:40] just ubuntu [13:40] guest too late to make a backup [13:41] Guest0: what you mean just ubuntu [13:41] but good chance the filesystem is just closed 'dirty' [13:41] could you share 'sudo parted -ls' output? [13:41] only ubuntu, not any windows [13:41] cause it's ntfs not ext4 [13:41] just a moment [13:41] what command first? [13:41] sudo parted -ls | nc termbin.com 9999 [13:41] paste link here [13:42] sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdb2 [13:42] this one? [13:42] i wouldnt do that yet [13:42] ok so? [13:42] no, cause it could screw things up and probably if you could use windows chkdsk or something would be maybe better [13:42] parted? [13:43] yes, to understand a bit what the situation is [13:44] hi, I found this in my dmesg: https://termbin.com/ftsu I use the stock kernel as provided by canonical/ubuntu. what do I do now? [13:45] EriC^ i don't have windows anymore [13:45] i see Guest0 [13:45] equivalent of chkdsk on ubuntu? [13:46] EriC^ [13:46] you could try sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdb2 and see what happens, it really boils down to how much you care about these info, ultra important? maybe backup the state right now to somewhere and mess with this one [13:46] Guest0, please, run the command EriC^ suggested , in terminal: 'sudo parted -ls | nc termbin.com 9999' [13:47] imi, The system has likely loaded a third-party kernel module containing the trace_printk() debugging function .. just disable that kernel module [13:47] i don't know how to backup hd contents if i can't access it [13:47] lsmod and cat /proc/modules could be a help [13:48] Guest0: you can image the partition using 'dd' tool [13:48] oerheks: how do I figure out which module we're talking about? [13:49] lsmod|grep -iF tainted gices no results [13:49] lsmod and cat /proc/modules could be a help [13:49] Guest0: it might help if you run sudo parted -ls command to investigate more [13:51] oerheks: what if I see nothing out of the ordinary? [13:52] [ 24.562387] atomisp: module is from the staging directory, the quality is unknown, you have been warned. [13:52] excuse me, i often wrong to upload wiht pastebin services, https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DjymsjJ9G8GbNYjqqGq1YgDZBTLbt3Yg/view?usp=sharing [13:52] this can be it, riht above the warning [13:53] but I still insist it is provided by canonical, not my hack [13:53] Guest0, do you know how to open a terminal window ? [13:54] click terminal in apps list [13:54] Guest0, open it [13:54] opened [13:55] Guest0, copy and paste this : sudo parted -ls | nc termbin.com 9999 [13:55] in past i wrong to use this type of command with pastebin, after to share, to paste [13:56] imi, is this an Atom system? https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/2017444 [13:56] -ubottu:#ubuntu- Launchpad bug 2017444 in linux (Ubuntu Lunar) "Computer with Intel Atom CPU will not boot with Kernel 6.2.0-20" [High, Fix Released] [13:56] Guest0, i don't understand what you mean [13:56] https://community.intel.com/t5/Processors/Reporting-a-Bug-Regression-in-Linux-Kernel-6-2-caused-by-Intel/td-p/1479297 [13:57] oerheks: a roxk pi x. product: Intel(R) Atom(TM) x5-Z8350 CPU @ 1.44GHz [13:57] ioria i wrong in past to use this kind of services [13:57] Guest0, you just need to copy and paste the command i posted you [13:58] imi, seems like wrong firmware shipped? [13:58] firmware shisp_2401a0_v21.bin [13:59] * from the intel url [13:59] ioria i put it in a text file [13:59] it's the same [13:59] oerheks: ok, should I comment to the bug above? should I report a separate bug? [14:00] https://drive.google.com/file/d/1DjymsjJ9G8GbNYjqqGq1YgDZBTLbt3Yg/view?usp=sharing [14:00] a simple text file, it's easier for me [14:02] You're wanting help, you do as volunteers ask. Not some random Google text. [14:02] imi add yourself to that report. also, maybe getting newer firmware fixes things? https://askubuntu.com/questions/1366480/possible-missing-firmware-attempting-upgrade [14:02] Just run the command. Not really hard to do. [14:03] ok thanks [14:03] try another time with a bin service, i hope i dont' wrong [14:04] We don't understand what you mean... [14:05] Guest0: the parted | nc term thing will upload it to a pastebin for you and give a link back [14:05] https://pastebin.com/raw/qvAuxDWR [14:06] it's correct raw option? [14:06] yes, very good [14:08] Guest0, run in term: 'mount | grep sdb' ; you should not have any output [14:12] what does this command do? [14:12] will i lost my data? [14:12] ioria [14:12] Guest0, why do you think that ? [14:12] i don't know that it do [14:13] Guest0, it just lists what you have mounted [14:13] Guest0, we cannot nwork like that, pal [14:13] what [14:13] can you see my message [14:14] guys [14:14] ioria i typed it [14:14] now? [14:14] I faq children [14:14] Guest0, nothing ? [14:14] nothing output as u said [14:14] ok [14:14] can u see my message [14:14] Guest0, unplug the disk, plug again and paste 'dmesg | tail -30 | nc termbin.com 9999' [14:17] sy, afk [14:17] https://pastebin.com/raw/6PnmGcKp [14:17] ioria [14:20] Hi all [14:22] Hi BluesKaj :) [14:23] hi jailbreak [14:23] How long before you quit this time? [14:24] depends [14:24] Give it half hour 😁 [14:24] ioria https://pastebin.com/raw/6PnmGcKp [14:27] Guest0: Was this used in Windows with hybrid shutdown enabled? [14:29] i don't know what it hybrid shutdowm [14:29] shutdown [14:29] it was used on windows several months ago [14:30] i'm using it on ubuntu since much time [14:33] Guest0: Might have to try the Disks program and see if it can fix the filesystem [14:37] jeremy31 gnome-disk-utility 42.0 [14:37] UDisks 2.9.4 [14:38] this app? [14:39] https://drive.google.com/file/d/1o94p0xCp2cKyme7iB1HqiSUjR4NbrnmW/view?usp=sharing [14:39] do u mean this app in screenshot? [14:41] jeremy31 [14:48] Guest0, unplug the disk, plug again and paste 'dmesg | tail -30 | nc termbin.com 9999' [14:48] i did it [14:49] ioria https://pastebin.com/raw/A17RZ620 [14:50] ok [14:52] Guest0: That is the program [14:52] yes but others told me there is the risk of lost data [14:53] Guest0, yep, i you can get to a windows pc would be better [14:53] Guest0: you can also use the program to look at SMART data [14:54] Guest0, we can try to mount in read only mode, idk [14:54] jeremy31 it doesn't apperat the command, it's unselectable [14:55] ioria how [14:55] Guest0, sudo mount -o force,ro /dev/sdb2 /mnt [14:55] is there a risk to lost data? [14:55] ioria [14:56] nope [14:57] https://pastebin.com/raw/6SKzF7Xg [14:57] ioria [14:58] Guest0, you can read the same: use chkdsk on Win [14:59] i haven't win anymore [14:59] Guest0, i know, but maybe some friends of you have [15:00] Guest0: Windows is the safest way to recover anything on this drive. And for me personally, the only way I would attempt to do so [15:00] ok after i have to transfer all data in other external hd? [15:00] I would [15:00] sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdb2 # should do it, not seen any pastebin with that attempt [15:01] oerheks: I wouldn't trust that in this case [15:01] oerheks they told me there is a risk of data losing [15:01] wiht that command [15:01] maybe ntfsfix -d /dev/etc.. but first try with Win [15:01] ioria tell me if i try in this way is correct [15:01] need to clean-dirty [15:02] do i have to use another file system for hd in future? [15:02] to use them with ubuntu? [15:02] Guest0, what's your kernel ? you can paste the line here: 'uname -r' [15:03] Guest0: if there are any hardware issues with that drive, just having it powered on risks losing data. This is why I suggest doing the least amount of actions on it and just go with what is the most likely to resolve the issue, Windows [15:03] 6.2.0-39-generic [15:03] it's ok [15:05] ioria do i have to use a different file system for external hds in future? [15:05] Guest0, ntfs can be used on non-linux pcs... so it was not a bad choice [15:06] a volounteers told me that ntfs is not completely supported by ubuntu [15:06] is it true? [15:06] Guest0, it's not 'native'; it was reversed [15:06] the filesystem wasn't the problem. The problem was Windows' interaction with it when it went into hibernation/suspend mode and locked up the filesystem [15:07] "Unfortunately ntfs is supported by Linux, but up to a certain point" [15:07] Guest0, you have used that disk on a Windows pc ? [15:07] leftyfb i used it on windows many and many months ago [15:07] untilm this morning it perfectly works on ubuntu [15:08] Guest0, interesting [15:08] *untuil [15:08] *until [15:08] Guest0, so.... do you have another disk available ? [15:08] Guest0: either the last time this drive was used was on Windows or there's a hardware problem with it [15:08] external not [15:09] ioria i don't have any external disk [15:09] just 2 [15:09] wondering if a win VM on the first drive might work [15:10] 1 hd is of 1,5 TB, this one is 3 TB, noone works at now [15:10] until this morning 3 TB was working [15:10] wait [15:10] do you have this plugged into USB? [15:10] yes, type C with an adaptro [15:11] could be a bad usb port [15:11] adaptor [15:11] and/or adapter [15:18] leftyfb i tried without adaptor in tradition usb port, it doesn't work the same [15:20] Guest0, don't you have a friend with a Windows Pc ? [15:20] chkdsk will take few minutes [15:21] there are live usb versions of windows that should work [15:21] ok tomoroww i will try [15:21] don't forget the /f [15:22] chkdsk could it cause data loss? [15:22] what does /f do? [15:22] fix, i guess [15:23] Guest0: something like http://www.hirensbootcd.org/ [15:26] but if it's damaged i could lose data in future therefore? [15:26] ioria [15:27] Guest0, how old is it ? [15:35] ioria 5-6 years but i'm using it since 1-2 years because i used as backup of the first external hd [15:41] Guest0, you have 2 disks: one internal and one external, right ? [15:41] one internal and 2 external [15:42] but at now noone of the 2 external works, i hope i don't lose all my data :-( [15:42] many photos of travel, music [15:42] documents [15:42] :-( [15:42] ioria [15:43] Guest0, also the other external is not working ? === arnaud is now known as ashn3 [15:44] ioria it neither have been recognized [15:45] well, cannot be a coincidence [15:45] it isn't even recognized [15:45] excuse for my english [15:46] this we was talking about appears in the file manager as icon on the left [15:46] bar [15:46] it's the second external hd [15:46] the first of 1,5 TB doens't even appear [15:46] ioria [15:47] Guest0, and they are one the mirror (copy) of the other ? [15:48] yes and for fear of losing the data I made a copy of all of them on a second hd [15:48] ioria [15:49] Guest0, cat /etc/fstab | nc termbin.com 9999 [15:50] do i have to plug it first? [15:50] now it's unplugged [15:50] Guest0, nope [15:50] you can run the command [15:51] https://pastebin.com/raw/tLdg3BBt [15:51] ioria [15:52] Guest0, it's ok... so if you already have a copy, you can risk the ntfsfix thing [15:54] ioria i can't event read the first hd, i don't know if on that there are data yet [15:54] Guest0, what ? i missed something maybe [15:55] i have 2 external hds [15:55] but at now none of them i can read [15:55] because ubuntu doesn't read them [15:55] the first since several weeks [15:55] it doesn't even appear as icon on left bar of file manager [15:55] Guest0, i know that. so ? [15:56] the second we told about, appears as icon on left bar but i can't read contents [15:56] i dont' kwno how to resolve [15:56] try to another pc with windows as u suggested [15:56] Guest0, as you wish [15:56] however is it better that i use another file system in future? [15:56] to use my external hds on ubuntu? [15:57] depends on the use [15:57] use? [15:57] what kind of use? [15:58] yes, on linux systems you wont need ntfs [15:58] ok but is ntfs supported by ubuntu or not? [15:58] but if you carry the disk with you, you might not find a linux machine, and forced to use Win [15:59] yes, it is [15:59] which is the better to be used with ubuntu? [15:59] ext4 [16:00] ok and after ext4 is supported if i should need to connect it to windows or other pcs? [16:01] you can't (but there are tools that can read ext4 on win) [16:03] it told yes [16:03] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext4 [16:04] Supported [16:04] operating systems [16:04] Linux [16:04] FreeBSD (full read/write support since version 12.0) [16:04] macOS (read-only with ext4fuse, full with ExtFS) [16:04] Windows (read–write without journaling with ext2fsd) [16:07] changing filesystem is not a good idea now. [16:09] oerheks i mean after a formatting [16:19] ioria i tried to plug it on another pc with lubuntu, the error is this [16:19] https://pastebin.com/raw/WSTimEVZ [16:28] Guest0, we know that [16:34] ok thanks all [16:34] happy holidays and happy new year [16:34] i try as soon as possible the solutions u told me [16:44] good === EriC^^_ is now known as EriC^^ === ryan__ is now known as Cooks_08 === juanmanuelid is now known as ThewhATnORT [18:18] hello, what is "search openstacklocal" in /etc/resolve.conf ? should i remove it or? [18:18] https://ibb.co/V2sgRPv [18:19] man resolv.conf explains the syntrax [18:19] Do you think my resolve.conf is ok? [18:20] what makes you think there is a problem? [18:21] I'm just new on ubuntu. Was curious [18:21] curious about what [18:52] rbox: they were curious what the search line does [18:54] and that manpage doesn't really do a good job of explaining what it does from the perspective of someone who is not intimately familiar with how DNS works [19:52] - [23:12] hey, how can i enable the preinstalled gnome remote desktop on 23.10 via the command line? [23:18] ,,, [23:25] tab1293: try "grdctl rdp enable" [23:27] @WaV complaining that it can't lauch dbus without x11. im trying to start it up via ssh [23:32] tab1293: try with X forwarding, pass -X to ssh when connecting [23:51] Hi! bit of an unusual setup here: I have Ubuntu Server on a second disk but want my EFI partition on a stick so Grub only starts when the stick is present. For this, I initially just copied the EFI partition contents created during the install to a new manually created FAT32 partition, bootable EFI, and replaced the /boot/efi mount. After doing so, the stick wouldn't boot - it just immediately [23:51] reboots the system when the bootloader gets started. Same happens if I manually invoke it from the EFI shell, but if I run the ubuntu\grux64.efi instead, Grub starts. So I replaced the BOOT\BOOTX64.EFI with the Grub efi, which also works; interestingly though, this changes the Grub and VT resolution to 4k. (which is good.) I also ran an update-grub which worked (changed kernel params). Now for the [23:51] actual problem: I initially had LTS, but switched to normal; this screwed up Grub again, and I had to repeat the process. Does someone understand why? It might have to do something with Secure Boot, which is currently off. [23:59] hello, does anyone know when I can submit my wallpaper for Ubuntu?